Top 4 Most Important Investigating Agencies of India

 The foundation of any civilized society is its law enforcement apparatus. Their main goal is to offer safety and security so that individuals can work without fear. India is home to numerous law enforcement organizations. Some of them work for the federal government, while others are part of the state government.

For instance, the CBI, RAW, National Investigation Agency, Border Security Force, National Security Guard, and many others.

Let's go through major investigating agencies one by one-

1. CBI (Central Bureau Of Investigation)

The CBI is India's top investigative agency and serves as the nation's exclusive point of contact for communications with Interpol.

The Special Police Establishment, it was established in 1941. Its initial goal was to look into instances of bribery and political corruption in deals made during the Second World War.

However, in 1965, it was given further authority to look into international cases, multi-state organized crime, and violations of national laws.

The CBI is tasked with looking into significant crimes that have national and international repercussions. Additionally, it is engaged in gathering criminal intelligence related to three of its primary operational domains, namely anti-corruption, economic crime, and special crimes.

Cases against Chief Ministers, Ministers, Government Secretaries, All India Services Officers, CMDs of Banks, Financial Institutions, Public Sector Entities, etc. have been handled by the CBI's Anti-Corruption Division.

The political and economic climate of the country is significantly impacted by CBI investigations. The Delhi Special Police Establishment Act of 1946 gives the CBI the authority to conduct investigations.

The CBI's history

Let's now talk about the history of the major CBI central bureau of inquiry investigation agency of the national government. Therefore, in 1941, during World War II, to look into a corruption case.

A specialized police force was created. The Santhanam committee for the prevention of corruption was subsequently established. Before being suggested for organization, CBI was a division of the ministry of home affairs. However, the ministry of personnel and training is currently in charge of it.

Let's examine CBI's organizational structure. When it comes to the Prevention of Corruption Act, the CBI falls under the Ministry of Personal and Training, which is part of the Prime Minister's Office.

CBI now falls under the Central Vigilance Commission rather than the Ministry of Personnel and Training.

Now, the CBI has three primary divisions: one for Economic Offensive, one for Anti-Corruption, one for Special Crime, and one for both.

CBI deals with crimes of a serious type that are significant on both a national and international scale.

With this, the CBI also looks into matters that are significant to the public at the state government's request.

So that was the CBI structure.

The central bureau of investigation (CBI) is the primary investigative agency of the federal government, whose primary office is in Delhi and Subodh Kumar Jaiswal is Director General.

Let's learn two more things about CBI, starting with RTI.

Thus, CBI was included in RTI in 2012. (right to information).

However, as of right now, neither CBI nor RTI applies to it.

The second is Interpol, whose primary contact point in India is CBI. Interpol is in charge of policing crime globally. This serves as a national oversight body. Therefore, the CBI serves as Interpol's national control bureau's point of contact in India.

CBI plays a significant part in the criminal justice system, whether it be in the Satyam scandal or the Bhanwari Devi murder case. Every institution has issues, including the CBI, whose primary issue is its independence and autonomy.

2. NCB (Narcotics Control Bureau)

Narcotics control bureau, NCB is the name for India's drug law enforcement and intelligence organization.

By the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, the Narcotics Control Bureau was established on March 17, 1986, and is charged with preventing the use of illegal drugs and drug smuggling.

The agency's main goal is to combat drug trafficking throughout India. It collaborates closely with other organizations of the same nature on a national and state level, including Customs and Central Excise/GST, the State Police Department, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), the Central Economic Intelligence Bureau (CEIB), and others.

It is connected to the ministry of home affairs and has its headquarters in Delhi.

By the way, article 47 of the constitution contains the goals of this act. This makes it the state's responsibility to forbid the use of illicit drugs and alcohol.

Aim's 2019 research states that more than 5 crore people in India use marijuana and opioids.

Punjab, Assam, Sikkim, Delhi, and Uttar Pradesh come to mind when discussing states. These are some of the states that are at the top of the list for drug abuse.

Do you see any patterns when you're in these states? International boundaries.

If India wants to win the fight against drug trafficking, so the argument goes. It must therefore first store its international borders to shorten this supply chain, which has provided various solutions.

Currently, the government was having many initiatives against drug abuse. And all those initiatives talk about only two things,

First in education

Similar to sex education, drug usage is a contentious topic in India.

In terms of drug awareness, neither the college nor the school is doing anything.

The poll found that young individuals who are currently enrolled in school or have recently graduated from high school had the highest prevalence of drug addiction. due to their high level of stress.

The second item is Counselling. 

Counseling requires common sense, so this is a difficult topic. Recently, it has come to our attention that parents seldom ever call their children's schools to ask about their exam results, especially when it comes to emotional intelligence and the human side of Indian society. Since it causes tension and you are beginning to realize how awkward this is, we shouldn't do it.

No matter how big or little the societal issue, awareness, and acceptance are essential if you want to address it. Shaming, a common guilty pleasure, is a significant problem in India.

Now let's talk about the responsibilities and powers of the drug control bureau. The NCB works in conjunction with the state police force, the CBI, the Central Excise and Customs agency, the Central Economic Intelligence Bureau, and other Law Enforcement and Intelligence organizations.

Let's move on in light of the promise made by the international community to stop illegal trafficking. Several UN accords have been ratified by India.

For instance, the 1961 and 1971 UN treaties on narcotic drugs and psychotropic chemicals. The agreements from 1988 and 2000 have also been ratified by India.

3. ED (Enforcement Directorate)

In India, the Directorate of Enforcement (ED), a law enforcement organization, is in charge of upholding economic regulations and preventing economic crime.

The organization is in charge of carrying out the terms of the 2002 Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) and the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), both of which were enacted in 1999.

The Department of Revenue oversees it (under the Ministry of Finance).

If we talk about ED's leading cases first case which comes is in media case which was investigated by CBI and ED together-

2G scam  

Yes bank scam 

Mumbai airport development scam and a lot of others.

The department of revenue under the ministry of finance houses the enforcement director.  It has its headquarters in Delhi. The enforcement of these laws' provisions is the principal responsibility of the enforcement directorate.

FEMA and PMLA, or the Foreign Exchange Management Act and the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, respectively.

While Fema works with exchange control regulations, PMLA tackles instances involving money laundering.

It upholds the terms of the Cofeposa Act and the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act in addition to these two pieces of legislation.

Let's now look at how education has evolved. To prevent infractions of the currency control laws, the Department of Economic Affairs' Enforcement Unit was established under the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act of 1947.

In 1957, the organization's name was changed to the Enforcement Directorate. The department of economic affairs was also transferred to the revenue department of the ministry of finance.

According to the FEMA Act, the enforcement directorate has the authority to impose fines equal to three times the amount of any black money involved. The PMLA Act Enforcement Directorate is authorized by law to seize or attach property.

4. IT- Dept (Income Tax Department)

The Income Tax Department is a government agency in charge of collecting direct taxes for the Indian government.

The department's primary responsibility is to enforce several direct tax laws, including the Income Tax Act of 1961, the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act of 1988, and the Black Money Act of 2015.

Two statutory authorities, the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) at the top level and 18 regional headquarters located in various regions at the field office level, are responsible for managing the Income Tax Department (ITD).

Similar to the ED, the Department of Revenue is in charge of the IT section (under the Ministry of Finance).

I sincerely hope you learned something today. If so, you should tell your friends and siblings who are currently studying for competitive examinations like the UPSC and SSC.😊